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Bayan Ulgii Sustainable Agriculture and Economic Learning
Bayan Ulgii Sustainable Agriculture and Economic Learning
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Commenced:
01/03/2011
Submitted:
14/02/2011
Last updated:
07/10/2015
Location:
Ulgii soum, Bayan Ulgii Province, MN
Website:
http://thegreenbackpack.net
Climate zone:
Cold Temperate





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Composting Toilet Design in Bayan Ulgii

Project: Bayan Ulgii Sustainable Agriculture and Economic Learning

Posted by Matthew Lynch about 13 years ago

For most of the year, the sewage matter is frozen and so does not create an unpleasant odour or attract flies (though to visiting foreigners, squatting above a frozen pile of faeces pointing at your bum like Vlad the Impaler can be somewhat disconcerting)

Designing composting toilet systems for Islamic cultures is a delicate matter that demands diplomacy; Moslem belief holds that human organic waste matter is dirty and is something best dealt with by putting it out-of-sight and out-of-mind. 

Most households have pit latrines dug into the furthest corner of the family compound, and where the family has sufficient resources, further steps are taken to hide it from view (such as placing it where the entrance gate swings open so that it can only be seen when the compound is secured at night).  For most of the year, the sewage matter is frozen and so does not create an unpleasant odour or attract flies (though to visiting foreigners, squatting above a frozen pile of faeces pointing at your bum like Vlad the Impaler can be somewhat disconcerting), though during summer the paying a visit to the faecal soup outhouse is a decidedly ordeal.

Apparently, there is a city sewer system of some sort (though I haven't yet figured out how it works or where it would flow to, that is, when it is not frozen), as the apartments (and thankfully, my hotel) are equipped with working flush toilets.

In the lowest neighbourhoods of Ulgii City, pit latrines are dug approximately three meters deep.  The water table there lies at four.  That's not a lot of margin for error.

Q & A time is spent with the class to elicit an urgent response to design solutions to the challenges of dealing with human poo & pee: If 40,000 residents of Ulgii City are poo-ing and peeing in pits dug 100cm above the water table, how safe is the water you drink?

With that in mind, parameters and examples are given for designing alternative systems for managing the settlement's organic human waste:

 

General:

  •  Waste is a resource that hasn't been successfully utilized in your system yet.
  •  How can the outputs of one element in your system become the inputs for another?
  •  Separate liquids and solids.
  •  Manage and process waste on-site.

Pee:

  •  Nitrogen-rich liquid plant fertilizer.
  •  Safe to use immediately on plants (pee in a different spot each time to prevent 'burning' plants).
  •  Use later by diluting 10:1 water (suitable for drip-irrigation systems).
  •  Mulch pit can be used to compost urine at approx 25:1 carbon: nitrogen ratio.
  •  Do not use as liquid fertilizer if you are sick.

Poo:

  •  Must be processed before it can be safely used as plant fertilizer.
  •  Heat to at least 60C for several house to kill pathogens(i).
  •  Compost for at least 2-3 years to completely break down waste material.
  •  Only apply processed humanure to tall crops (eg beans, other climbers, corn, fruit trees).
  •  Cover soild waste material after each visit to latrine with 'carbon material' to mask odour & begin composting process.

Possible design solutions:

  •  Separate liquids from solids using separate pit latrine / mulch pit system.
  •  Males can simply pee in a different spot around the garden each time they relieve themselves (not a good idea in winter, unless you want a yellow skating rink in your hasha).
  •  Bucket system: separates liquids & soilds, must be emptied into drip irrigation or mulch pit (liquid) or composting humanure heap (soilds).
  •  Revolving pit latrines: alternate between three or four shallower pits annually, allowing unused pits to break down.  Composted matter can then be harvested before pit is put back into use every third or fourth year.
  •  Large scale toilet system (eg for school): solar composting toilet.  Two toilet blocks are built and alternated annually.  A slope is used to transport solid waste matter down and away from the drop zone.  Carbon material is dropped into toilet pit after each visit to mask odour & aid in composting process.  Toilets are built above a 'solar digester', which is oriented to maximize solar gain and heat up.  Solar chimney vents high above usage zone.[see sketch]

 

P1010184

Comments (7)

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Gerald Anderson
Gerald Anderson : Encouraging Thanks
Posted over 12 years ago

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Leonard Heard
Leonard Heard : We hope this will be an opportunity to visit some of the oldest Barclays Bank Near Me - Branch / ATM Locations sites and learn from local teachers
Posted about 1 year ago

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gemma lyly
gemma lyly : Three drafts of a deindustrialized hygiene practice are shown in the middle column. contexto
Posted about 1 year ago

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linda lim
linda lim : The design of composting toilets used in Bayan Ulgii is relatively simple and low-cost, making it accessible to communities wordle game with limited resources. The toilet consists of a small, enclosed structure made of locally-sourced materials, such as wood and corrugated iron. Inside the structure, there is a composting chamber that is lined with a removable plastic container or bag.
Posted 12 months ago

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Daryl Gana
Daryl Gana : credible login
Posted 11 months ago

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Bekean Loinse
Bekean Loinse : Composting toilets can be designed to safely process human waste without the need for water or connection to a sewer system. These toilets use natural processes to break down the waste into compost, which can then be used as fertilizer for non-edible fnf plants. The design should ensure proper ventilation, odor control, and ease of maintenance.
Posted 10 months ago

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panda clamb
panda clamb : Great information, I will recommend it to my friends for them to check out. Thanks for sharing! If you have more time, please visit: trap the cat
Posted 8 months ago

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